《火影：我能抽取万界能力》最新章节_火影：我能抽取万界能力无弹窗

玄幻言情相关阅读 More+

三国美女游戏

张俊佑

初见霓虹国，在枫叶未红的十月，用13天的时间，完成了我们在日本的第一次旅行，这次旅行也是我们的蜜月之行。虽然没有一种度假休闲的放松感，但是，这样有别于海岛的另一种体验却让我更加的无悔，这就是日本的魅力吧，不管哪个季节去，你都可以遇见她的美。粉红娇嫩的樱花、古朴典雅的寺庙、遍布岛国的绿色森林、美丽漫长的海岸线。。。。。。关于日本，可以说的远远不止这些。而今年的日本更可谓是处于风口浪尖的度假地，一大波和我一样的群众乃至明星都在国庆期间选择出行日本，亲爱滴祖国请原谅我们，单纯的旅行远没有政治那么复杂～本次的行程跨越关东关西两大地区，走遍3个大城市，又途径城崎、白滨、箱根、富士山4个温泉乡，大部分的日本特色都已经体验过来了，特别是奥特莱斯买买买的节奏，价格十分优惠，所以有一个很好的心得分享给大家。老规矩，依旧赠送游记中的衣服配饰哦~，一部分赠送一部分折旧处理，喜欢就加微信吧，欢迎来自五湖四海的你哦~微信：XW17LOVEING,微博：@丸子玩玩玩去之前对日本的印象大抵还停留在春季樱花铺满道路的浪漫情景，亦或是北海道的冬天我最向往的雪中露天风吕，回来之后，我更感慨于这个民族的一种自我控制力，他们干净的街道并不是依赖清洁工人的打扫，而是做到不随手乱扔垃圾，街道上几乎看不到垃圾箱，那段时间我们就曾捏着手中的垃圾奔走了整整半天。这点我在台湾上学的时候就体会过，起初我不明白，街上不设垃圾箱岂不是更给了大家随地乱扔的借口嘛，但当你融入到那种环境你才会发现，你根本不可能放任自己去破坏这个干净整洁的大环境。也许日本人的素养并不仅仅体现在这一点，他们对待客人不停鞠躬道谢的真挚态度也是亲眼所见才会相信。回家之后我还一直沉浸在日本的整个民族文化的气氛中，我还特意去百度一下日本这个激进的民族到底如何形成了这种文化，如果能有兴致和缘分看完我这篇游记的话，在结尾处我就来谈谈在日本这13天我对日本的看法。整片游记还是以攻略性为主，所以先上些干货～本次摄影器材：佳能6D，镜头17-40+适马35；华为P6手机RAW格式出图，修图LR+PS怕大家觉得攻略枯燥，先预览一下各种吃喝玩乐！([]

大香区煮伊区2020

许文菱

论坛看过北方空地--羌塘帖子后，一直对羌塘有着着魔一般的向往，一直筹划和准备着自己什么时候可以去看看羌塘，机会说来就来了。此次三大无人区穿越是自驾的活动虽然没有杨柳松徒步的艰辛，但是我感受到了羌塘的荒凉和他博大的胸怀，让我见到了各种凄美的景色和各种生活在这片乐园的野生动物（棕熊，狼，狐狸，藏野驴，藏羚羊。。。） ‘’羌塘‘’，藏语意为“北方空地”。羌塘位于西藏自治区的北部，昆仑山，可可西里山以南，冈底斯山和唐古拉山脉以北。由于海拔高度高，生态环境特殊人迹罕见，被人们称之为“无人区”。羌塘无人区平均海拔4700米，地形复杂，地貌奇特，方圆百里荒无人烟。走在高原，很难用言语来表达这里的景色，你只能用心灵感知他的庄严，静穆和深邃，领略大自然赋予他的瞬息万变和亿万年的寂静。无人区就是海拔平均在4500米--5000多米的荒芜地区因长期高原缺氧不适合人群居住，此次无人区穿越每天夜宿在海拔4500以上，晚上的平均气温在-20°因为高原缺氧和天气寒冷我们所带的气罐基本都被冻上，点燃后只有一点蓝火烧点水都要半小时，水烧开也只是在70°，每天晚上扎营在高海拔地区也是有气喘嘘嘘的小高反状态，晚上进入到帐篷休息也是棉帽甚至连眼睛都要蒙住来保证温度。寒冷的夜晚也会有人值班以防动物来袭击，这次无人区遭遇了棕熊，狼群，狐狸，藏野驴，藏羚羊，野牦牛。。。当受到棕熊和野牦牛攻击我们的时候虽然是在车里，心里还是很害怕。行驶在无人区每天就是不停的陷车和拖车。点击只看作者就可以直接看图在拉萨等待队员集结的时候千万色拉寺看喇嘛辩经也是一种欣赏。色拉寺辩经--出家人学习佛经后，为了加强对佛经的真正的理解，采用一问一答或一问几答的方式交流所学心得和所悟佛法，就如我们的学术讨论。它是喇嘛学习佛经的一个方式。色拉寺后山在色拉寺见到一位非常淳朴的藏族牧民来朝拜，经过沟通同意后才拍了一张照片2013年10月17日早上大部队从拉萨出发前往纳木错调整一晚高反，出发前我在布达拉宫等候车队前往纳木错途中，风吹草低见牛羊，上次来纳木错也看到如此壮丽的景色，没想到这次也能看到，因为珠峰大雪被困好多游客，我在经过纳木错一个海拔5000多垭口还是皑皑白雪。相传“纳木错是帝释天的女儿，念青唐古拉的妻子“。它们的造像分别为：念青唐古拉--头戴盔甲，右手举着马鞭，左手拿着念珠，骑白马：纳木错--腾云驾雾地骑着飞龙，右手持龙头禅杖，左手拿着佛镜。念青唐古拉山字北方诸神灵中最具权威，它拥有广大无边的北方疆域和丰富的财宝。纳木错的美丽无法用语言来表达，这一生一定要带着自己心爱的女人来一次纳木错到达纳木错，我就扛起相机三脚架来到纳木错湖边，十月的纳木错已经很冷了游客不是很多，纳木错的美丽还是有一部分人在这里流连忘返如此美景你还能不带着心爱的人到此吗([]

漂亮的保姆完整版免费国语

吴新韵

7月21日成功登顶玉珠峰。谢谢8264的旗子，不冻泉客栈老板一直想要一面8264驴友带过去的旗子，有幸让我带了过去。谢谢希途送我们的专业户外眼镜。这个故事要从北京开往拉萨的火车上说起，7月14日晚一个男人和三个女人登上了北京开往拉萨的火车。他们的目的地并不是拉萨而是青海省格尔木。7月份进藏的票是很难买的。经过努力只买到了4张硬座。补卧铺的可能性几乎为零。最后4个人“硬座改卧铺”虽有点不雅但也算解决了休息的问。劳累并兴奋的旅途自然也不会忘记窗外风景，山岭如画，人在画中。伴随着火车的震动和流动的风景，我们一路向西。兰州的火车站卖了一个叫：大饼卷鸡腿，这个很受欢迎。三人下车一个买了一个，我不吃鸡肉，也帮车上值班的UU买了一个。等上车后才发现这妞更猛，不吃肉。西宁火车站：青海老酸奶味道很好，强烈推荐路过的朋友大批量购买，一妹妹回程时竟然买了一箱。青海的油菜花车窗外青海的青和青海的羊群为了更大的扩大地盘，进行了第二次“硬座改卧铺”，友谊也是从这里开始。经过了几十个小时，总算到达了格尔木火车站。4人小组的一个合影。也早该出来露面了，长的难看也要见大家的。到宾馆安顿好之后，第一件事就是吃羊肉呀，航天员回到地球吃羊汤，我们也必须要来碗羊肉汤。凌晨3点多到的。预定宾馆6点才可以入住，办理了钟点房临时休息。临时休息后入住格尔木大厦。7月17日睡醒之后，第一件事先挣开了眼。然后打电话联系我们租的车。司机说11点到。我们就开始收拾整理装备。11点左右司机来了。一个老朋友，去年就用了他的车。福特俱乐部8缸。为登山做的后勤采购。向不冻泉方向前进，路上捡了三名搭车去拉萨的朋友。佩服他们的精神。看着他们开以后笑容，我们也感觉到开心。欢笑是可以传染的。分离时就像朋友一样。短短的几个小时，让大家产生了一种快乐的友情。([]

麻豆星空天美宝桃马鸦

徐冠宏

Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([

麻豆果冻乌鸦天美传媒

蔡佩裕

洛阳，一座有着5000多年文明史、4000年的建城史和1500多年的建都史的古城，是华夏文明的发源地和中华民族的发祥地之一。而洛阳又因牡丹闻名于世，被世人誉为“千年帝都，牡丹花城”。在牡丹花盛开的日子里，我独行洛阳，去造访这座千年都城并欣赏我国著名的国花。4月10日晚，乘坐K419次列车，经过6个半小时的车程，与次日清晨558，我到达了洛阳。按照事先做好的功课，车到洛阳站后，出站后直接去公交站台乘坐801公交，上车直达龙门石窟。龙门石窟位于洛阳市南郊龙门峡谷东西两崖的峭壁间。因为这里东、西两山对峙，伊水从中流过，看上去宛若门厥，所以又被称为“伊厥”，唐代以后，多称其为“龙门”。这里地处交通要冲，山清水秀，气候宜人，是文人墨客的观游胜地。又因为龙门石窟所在的岩体石质优良，宜于雕刻，所以古人选择此处开凿石窟。龙门石窟是中国石刻艺术宝库之一，国家AAAAA级景区。2000年被联合国科教文组织列为世界文化遗产。两山之间的伊水让洛阳这座古城尽显了灵秀之气。龙门石窟位是中国石刻艺术宝库之一，世界文化遗产、是中国四大石窟之一。龙门石窟与甘肃敦煌莫高窟、山西大同云冈石窟并称为“中国三大石刻艺术宝库”。石窟始凿于北魏孝文帝时（公元471～477年），历经400余年才建成，迄今已有1500年的历史，龙门石窟南北长约1公里，现存石窟1300多个，窟龛2345个，记和碑刻3600余品，佛塔50余座，佛像97000余尊。最大的佛像高达17.14米，最小的仅有2厘米。其中以宾阳中洞、奉先寺和古阳洞最具有代表性。宾阳中洞是北魏时期（公元386～512年）的代表性作品。这个洞窟前后用了24年才建成，是开凿时间最长的一个洞窟。洞内有11尊大佛像。主像释迦牟尼像，面部清秀，神情自然，堪称北魏中期石雕艺术的杰作。主像座前刻有两只姿态雄健的石狮。左右侍立二弟子，二菩萨，菩萨像含笑凝眸，温柔敦厚。洞中还雕刻着众菩萨，弟子听法的浮雕像，栩栩如生。窟顶飞天仙子的刻画也十分传神。宾阳中洞是北魏时期代表性的洞窟。“宾阳”意为迎接出生的太阳。宾阳三洞开凿于北魏时期，是北魏的宣武帝为他父亲孝文帝做功德而建。它开工于公元500年，历时24年，用工达80万2366个，后因为发生宫廷政变以及主持人刘腾病故等原因，计划中的三所洞窟（宾阳中洞、南洞、北洞）仅完成了一所即宾阳中洞，南洞和北洞都是到初唐才完成了主要造像。宾阳中洞内为马蹄形平面，穹窿顶，中央雕刻重瓣大莲花构成的莲花宝盖，莲花周围是八个伎乐天和两个供养天人。它们衣带飘扬，迎风翱翔在莲花宝盖周围，姿态优美动人。洞内为三世佛材，即过去、现在、未来三世佛。主佛为释迦牟尼。他是佛教的创始人，原名叫乔达摩·悉达多，原是古印度净饭王的儿子。他和中国的孔子生活在同一时代，比孔子要年长12岁。他在29岁时出家修行，经过六年，悟道成佛，创立了佛教。由于北魏时期崇尚以瘦为美，所以主佛释迦牟尼面颊清瘦，脖颈细长，体态修长。衣纹密集，雕刻手法采用的是北魏的平直刀法。由于北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳后实行了一系列的汉化政策，所以洞中主佛的服饰一改云冈石窟佛像那种偏袒右肩式袈裟，而身着宽袍大袖袈裟。释迦牟尼所有侍立二弟子、二菩萨。二菩萨含睇若笑，文雅敦厚。左右壁还各有造像一铺，都是一佛、二菩萨，着褒衣博带袈裟，立于覆莲座上。洞中前壁南北两侧，自上而下有四层精美的浮雕。第一层是以《维摩诘经》故事为材的浮雕，叫做“维摩变”。第二层是两则佛本生故事。第三层为著名的帝后礼佛图。第四层为“十神王”浮雕像。特别是位于第三层的帝后礼佛图，它们反映了宫廷的佛事活动，刻划出了佛教徒虔诚、严肃、宁静的心境，造型准确，制作精美，代表了当时生活风俗画的高度发展水平，具有重要的艺术价值和历史价值。非常可惜的是，在上个世纪的三、四十年代被盗往国外了，现在分别陈列在美国纽约大都会博物馆和美国堪萨斯州纳尔逊艺术博物馆。 “剪刀手”卖萌佛祖在宾阳中洞石窟，有一尊历经千年风霜的佛像，手势神似“剪刀手”。剪刀手佛像是在向游人卖萌，在提醒大家保护文物，还是想说点什么？有网友评论：四百年前的艺术大师们好有远见，知道在四百年后剪刀手肯定会风靡全球。《伊阙佛龛之碑》亦称";褚遂良碑"。篆额《伊阙佛龛之碑》。贞观十五年(公元641年)刻于河南省洛阳龙门石窟壁宾阳洞内。这里因伊水东西两岸之香山和龙门山对峙如天然门阙，故古称“伊阙”，隋唐以后，习称龙门。《伊阙佛龛之碑》通高约5.00米、宽1.90米。由中书侍郎岑文本撰文，谏议大夫褚遂良书。字共三十二行，满行五十一字。计一千六百余字。碑文主要记述唐太宗第四子魏王李泰为其母文德皇后长孙氏死后做功德而开凿，太宗末年李泰与太子李承乾争夺太子位，李泰借为母亲开窟造像做功德，实有获得太宗好感，为自已捞取政治资本的目的。这通碑原应为北魏所雕的宾阳中洞的造窟碑，到了唐代李泰为节省费用，竟就势磨去原有碑文，又重新雕刻成唐碑的。关于该碑的记载，始见于宋嘉祐六年(公元1061年)欧阳修之《集古录》及赵明诚之《金石录》。《伊阙佛龛之碑》是早期传世褚书的代表作。为目前国内所见褚遂良楷书之最大者，字体清秀端庄，宽博古质,是准的初唐楷书。此碑虽说是碑，实际上却是摩崖刻石。两者功用相同，都是为歌功颂的。但在创作时条件不同，一个是光平如镜，而另一个则是凹凸不平，书写的环境也不会那么优游自在。于是，摩崖书法的特征也就不言而喻。因无法近观与精雕细琢，于是便在气势上极力铺张，字形比碑志大得多，舒卷自如，开张跌宕。正是在这一点上，像汉代的《石门颂》、《郙阁颂》、《西峡颂》，它们气度之开张，韵致之飞扬，自然拙朴，即使是如《礼器碑》、《乙瑛碑》、《史晨碑》等真正的碑志精品也无法比拟，褚遂良的《伊阙佛龛碑》，正是这样一种典型的摩崖书风。传世墨拓以明代何良俊清森阁旧藏明初拓本为最佳，拓工精致、字口如新；比《金石萃编》所载犹多五十余字，曾经清代毕泷、沈志达、费念慈等递藏，现藏北京图书馆。有影印本行世。魏窟――公元495年魏宗室丘慧成开始在龙门山开凿古阳洞，500--523年魏宣武帝、魏孝明帝连续开凿宾阳洞的北中南三个大石窟，石阳洞和宾阳洞的修建共费人工80万以上，还开凿了药方洞和东魏时开凿的莲花洞等石窟。北朝石窟都在龙门山，古阳洞自慧成至东魏末50多年的营造，表现出列多的中国艺术形式，大佛姿态也由云岗石窟的雄健可畏转变为龙门石窟的温和可亲。以宾阳中洞主佛为代表的佛像，人物面部含着微笑，龙门石窟比云岗石窟表现出更多的中国艺术佛像。龙门石窟还保留有大量的宗教、美术、书法、音乐、服饰、医药、建筑和中外交通等方面的实物史料。因此，它又是一座大型的石刻艺术博物馆。只可惜龙门石窟遭受的破坏要比云冈石窟大得多，绝大多数佛像都不存在或者是残缺不全的了。 ([]

忘忧草影院在线观看

张瑞桂

在美国很多旅行社都可以报团参加豪华邮轮的旅行，价格和时间是成正比的，如果想游览南极，要报30天以上的团，而且有一定的季节限制。我只是单纯的想去南极，就只能冬天去，先到的洛杉矶，报团从圣地亚哥走，两个城市相距不远，乘车大概两个多小时。第一天的下午提前两个多小时登船，大概五点左右搭乘的阿姆斯特丹号邮轮（AMSTERDAM）缓缓驶出太平洋的美国南部城市圣地亚哥（San Diege）港口，从此我开始了42天的海上漂流生活。人们在甲板上、在赌场里、在歌剧院、在泳池中、在图书馆、在球场上、在歌舞厅、在卧仓里-----度过了第一个夜晚。阿姆斯特丹号驶离了美国的圣地亚哥港口，围着墨西哥西部的加利福尼亚湾，在太平洋水域中一直南行了40个小时后，终于到达了加尼福尼亚半岛的最南端，这里是此次航行的第一个停靠港。此处是一个小镇——Cabo San Lucas（洛斯卡波斯）。根据当地人的介绍，这是一个旅游开发区，此地居住了许多来自美国和加拿大的名人、有钱人，这里的房价自然就十分昂贵了。北美人把这里视为度假圣地，也是美国太平洋海军娱乐的天堂，真的如同电影里演的一样。随着夜幕的来临，这里的Night Live准时开场，大约凌晨3点钟之后，那些“滥情”于酒吧里的男男女女们，脱下身上本来就很少的衣服，一丝不挂地互相向对方的身上涂抹cream、互相拥抱、相互亲吻~~~~~~~ 沿海的风光还是和加州的不太一样，有一些当地特色，有个名为情人海滩，估计是世界少有的浪漫去处，许多男女一到这里就双双踏浪前往海滩去享受情人海的洗礼------我，没有情人，刚失恋心情比较沉重，也无心那情人间的浪漫，仿佛这里的一切和我无关似得。一个人慢步于小镇里，享受着墨西哥特有的太平洋风情。来到海港当然少不了海鲜大餐喽，小镇的海鲜餐馆廉物美，一个人15刀可以饱餐一顿。包括大虾、章鱼、螃蟹和各种叫不清名字的贝类等海鲜大餐。这里有好多高级大酒店，每晚的价钱从200到6000美元不等，还有几个很象样的高尔夫球场，据说也是价格不菲。还是加拿大地大，打高尔夫球也便宜。我临时充当两个中国摄影协会朋友的翻译，去海岛边上拍些照片，每人花5美元乘小船从停靠在码头的那数百艘游艇穿过，十分钟就到了拍摄点，那是一群巨大的礁石，是墨西哥沿太平洋地性风光。这如果在中国又该被开发成婚纱照的拍摄地了。挺专业人事说，如果lucky遇上好光，在这里能拍到不错的图片，但是我们没有那么幸运，没有拍到什么。下午5点回到邮轮，6点起航，阿姆斯特丹号继续南行。继续上片。和两位专业摄影人士取景，见识到了他们的专业。当船靠岸的那一刻，心里有种莫名的兴奋，本人晕船，接下来的几十天很难熬。当船靠岸的那一刻，心里有种莫名的兴奋，本人晕船，接下来的几十天很难熬。早上7点，邮轮准时停靠在墨西哥的Acapulco港口，这里算是墨西哥的一个大城市了，但看起来很落后，脏脏乱乱的，估计和中国90年代初的一些县城差不多吧。这里没有什么人文景观，游客们多数去参加一些水上运动。下午四点回到船上，5点邮轮起锚继续南行。早上邮轮又靠上了墨西哥南部的一个乡镇港口Huatulco，这里人少比昨天那个城市好玩，我们一行7人有5人决定租船到附近的海域小鱼村采风。80美元包了一条小船用一天三个人陪游，小船在太平洋上行驶了三个半小时到了我们要去的渔村，一路几十公里我们看到了“飞鱼”，海鸟和许多漂亮的礁石。在渔村美丽的海滩上，我们下海泡了两个小时，在这里的海底可以轻易看到很多各色的海鱼和珊瑚礁。午饭就在渔村的墨西哥一老百姓家里准备的，虽然全是最新鲜的海味，但这些天吃的有点腻味了。下午我们按时返港，下午5点邮轮启航继续向南。回复平安福的帖子会慢慢往上加的，照片好多，太懒得整理啦回复平安福的帖子您问的那个“飞鱼”，貌似是什么蝙蝠鱼，是Ogcocephalidae的一种吧，据说墨西哥湾盛产这种鱼。 Puerto Chiapas是我们在墨西哥境内的最后一个停靠港，这里因民族特色和玛雅文化而闻名。我们的邮轮是临晨靠岸的，当我们走下旋梯时已经是上午9点了，这里的天气已经让人感到了几分的炎热。今天还是照旧7个人合租一辆车，开出码头管制区大约一个小时，我们首先到了一处玛雅文化遗址，然后就是去这个城市的中心，这里的市容和墨西哥的很多城市相仿，满街的西班牙式建筑，天主教堂，石头马路。只是感觉这里的市民格外能歌善舞，街头舞者随处可见。在市中心的小广场中间还有一个小舞台，老百姓可以尽情地上台一展自已的舞姿。这让我想起了家里大广场，很多人跳的那种健身Disco，嘿嘿！回复 chen201111 的帖子多谢支持，就是摄影技术菜了点，嘿嘿~~ 危地马拉据说是加勒比海比较富裕的国家，西临太平洋，东临加勒比海。时间紧迫，片刻也不敢耽误，赶紧包车离港，无心理睬晕船的不适。哥斯达黎加，中美洲沿太平洋最富有的国家，哥斯达黎加国土面积不大，人口也只有400万其中有大约5万中国人。我们在这个国家的一日游从早上开始，还是老办法包一辆车去所以能去的地方。哥斯达黎加说是有火山、热带雨林、首都游览，其实没有什么可玩的地方。最后大家选择了去火山口看活火山，我知道大白天去看那山上冒出的一股股的烟气，其实没有什么意思，但是仅有9个小时的时间，实在没有其它选择，到了火山口果然更加失望，海拔2700多米的山上下着大雨，俯视下面的火山口，是白茫茫一片什么也看不见。大家扫兴而归，最后只好在海边溜达了一会，5点钟回船。巴拿马，277万人口，华人约占5%。今天已经是第八天了，早晨邮轮抵达巴拿马，巴拿马城在海平面的尽头升起，早晨天气不是太好，但是仍有一缕缕阳光时而洒落向巴拿马城的高楼大厦，在巴拿马城外的太平洋海域里停满了抛锚等待的大小船只，估计这些都是等待时间越过巴拿马运河进入加勒比海的船。我们的邮轮不去加勒比海，所以就在里巴拿马城不远的海边抛锚，上午9点我们登上救生艇离开邮轮，来到了巴拿马城。我们先到了一个当地的公园，当地华人叫这里“小巴拿马”，这里保留着西班牙人到来之后的最初的西人建筑，包括当年的邮局、小教堂。这处建筑群的旁边有几间树叶搭建的茅草屋，说这是当地土著人的房子，据说在这个国家的东北部，至今还有不少土著人居住在这样的房子里，他们几乎不穿衣服仍然过着十分原始的生活。当地华人朋友告诉我们，这个国家比较腐败很多事没有什么原则，往往有钱就能办通许多事，我们的车在一处作临时停靠，警察过来说这里不可以停车，当地的那位车主告诉我，其实如果给这个警察几块钱，就可以停了。巴拿马的社会治安不是太好，有些地区游客最好不要进入。巴拿马运河的通过费用是这个国家财政收入的重要来源，巴拿马政府收回运河管理权之后，巴拿马的城市建设和国力的发展都有了明显的提高。据说巴拿马没有自已的货币，全部使用美元，一位华人朋友跟我说，巴拿马和美国的关系很好，就象美国的儿子，只要这个国家的总统说一声，美国的军队在几小时内就可以开到巴拿马。巴拿马城的夜生活是闻名于世的，但是这个城市很乱，再加上下雨我们没有在这里耽搁太久，下午在暴雨中我们参观了巴拿马运河之后就回船了。这里的天气很闷热。巴拿马运河位于美洲大陆中部，纵贯巴拿马地峡，是一条沟通太平洋和大西洋的船闸式运河。运河全长81.3公里，最窄处为152米，最宽处为304米。从运河中线分别向两侧延伸16.09公里所包括的地带，为巴拿马运河区，总面积为1432平方公里。根据《巴拿马运河条约》，美国以一次付给1000万美元、9年后每年再付租金25万美元的代价，从而取得开凿运河和“永久使用、占领和控制”运河和运河区的权利。回复小囡子刘满的帖子一个人出行或许会觉得孤单些，但所到之处的美景会带来不一样的心情，不过还是喜欢多些人玩，嘿嘿回复头线的帖子玩了42天，机票、邮轮加旅行过程中一些乱七八糟的开销总共一万美金，一般能到南极洲，这个价钱还挺划算的，行程不要赶到圣诞节，不然会多出很多开销。一年的9月份到来年的3月份都有这种30天以上的团，可以多玩几个国家。回复公园赛道之王的帖子算是奖励自己的毕业旅行，最后一次长假期，嘿嘿。回复也夜笙歌的帖子这是42天的团，机票、邮轮加旅行过程中一些乱七八糟的开销总共一万美金。我是在这个网站订的航线https//www.cruise.com/（不是做广告啊），一般9月份以后才有好的团，现在不是季节。这是从美国出发的团，首先得有美国证，看你报什么团，去哪些国家，是否需要证，是在报团的时候问清楚。其实坐邮轮玩，每到一个地方停留的时间有限，出了指定的活动范围，每个国家的政策也不一样，但基本上都可以落地。回复玻璃鱼沐尔的帖子是以前的老机子了，佳能EOS 5D和佳能EOS-1Ds Mark II。回复老辛的帖子整理照片好头大，我又太懒，每个地方先挑出几张给大家看看，陆续把行程介绍完，以后慢慢尽量多贴图。一路向南航行了三天，大家在船上的生活也挺丰富，我在图书馆借阅了斯蒂芬妮·梅尔的《暮光之城》，当时这个故事还没有搬上大屏幕，似乎还是当年的禁书，平日里就喜欢看吸血鬼的故事，爱不释手了三天，中间也忘了晕船的事，嘿嘿。凌晨到达了厄瓜多尔，这个国家原本属于哥伦比亚，后来被独立，光看两个国家的国旗就很相似，只是多了只鹰。这个国家是著名的“赤道之国”，国土面积被赤道分为两部分，虽然接近赤道，但由于地处高原，气候还是比较凉爽的。首府基多原本主要为基维多部族人居住，曾被称为“基维多”，后被西班牙殖民者简化为“基多”。在基多城北24公里、海拔2400米高山上的赤道0°所在地矗立着一座赤道纪念碑。这座赤道纪念碑高30米，碑身为方柱形花岗石，四周镌刻着曾到此进行科学考察的科学家的名字。来这里参观的游客们都喜欢在石阶上，两脚平踏在白线两边，摄影留念，以显示自己是脚踏两半球的人。并且到这里游览的人们还可以得到管理部门发的一张证明书，证明其某年某月某日曾到南北半球的分界线一游。我和几个游客在赤道分界线玩起了竖钉子的游戏，由于地球南北极磁场的互相吸引，在赤道线上可以竖起很尖细的东西。据同行的朋友介绍，这个国家好玩的地方很多，而且有丰富的美食还很便宜。生活成本低且气温宜人让这个国家曾称为“全球最佳养老地”。有机会希望可以深度游玩。一路向南航行了三天，大家在船上的生活也挺丰富，我在图书馆借阅了斯蒂芬妮·梅尔的《暮光之城》，当时这个故事还没有搬上大屏幕，似乎还是当年的禁书，平日里就喜欢看吸血鬼的故事，爱不释手了三天，中间也忘了晕船的事，嘿嘿。凌晨到达了厄瓜多尔，这个国家原本属于哥伦比亚，后来被独立，光看两个国家的国旗就很相似，只是多了只鹰。这个国家是著名的“赤道之国”，国土面积被赤道分为两部分，虽然接近赤道，但由于地处高原，气候还是比较凉爽的。首府基多原本主要为基维多部族人居住，曾被称为“基维多”，后被西班牙殖民者简化为“基多”。在基多城北24公里、海拔2400米高山上的赤道0°所在地矗立着一座赤道纪念碑。这座赤道纪念碑高30米，碑身为方柱形花岗石，四周镌刻着曾到此进行科学考察的科学家的名字。来这里参观的游客们都喜欢在石阶上，两脚平踏在白线两边，摄影留念，以显示自己是脚踏两半球的人。并且到这里游览的人们还可以得到管理部门发的一张证明书，证明其某年某月某日曾到南北半球的分界线一游。我和几个游客在赤道分界线玩起了竖钉子的游戏，由于地球南北极磁场的互相吸引，在赤道线上可以竖起很尖细的东西。据同行的朋友介绍，这个国家好玩的地方很多，而且有丰富的美食还很便宜。生活成本低且气温宜人让这个国家曾称为“全球最佳养老地”。有机会希望可以深度游玩。回复妞妞她爸的帖子夸张了，当时去的时候就是一刚毕业的穷学生，哈哈。回复头线的帖子这个团是从美国的圣地亚哥出发，首先得有美，别的国家好多都可以落地，另外船每行驶一处靠岸有限制时间和活动范围，也跑不远。回复平邑天宝的帖子加勒比海地区的女人还是很美的，我拍的小女孩多了点，成年女性身材很棒，脸蛋也很妖娆回复游者无疆的帖子大家一起分享，互相学习，嘿嘿~~回复游者无疆的帖子大家一起分享，互相学习，嘿嘿~~回复东东来也的帖子去之前报的，就是之前提到的那个网站。([]

《火影：我能抽取万界能力》所有内容均来自互联网或网友上传，水泵小说网只为原作者的小说进行宣传。欢迎各位书友支持并收藏《火影：我能抽取万界能力》最新章节。