斗破之倾国倾城小说_斗破小说网
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一直在关注，一直在潜水，一直惦记着什么时候能回报下社会。。。先上几张图片，看看够不够毒。。。 行程：Day01（0919）：上海－拉萨Day02（0920）：拉萨－定日Day03（0921）：定日－吉隆－聂拉木Day04（0922）：聂拉木－樟木－聂拉木Day05（0923）：聂拉木－希峰营地（徒步&露营）Day06（0924）：营地－希夏邦马大本营－营地（徒步&露营）Day07（0925）：营地－聂拉木－老定日（徒步）Day08（0926）：老定日－曲当乡Day09（0927）：曲当乡优帕村－晓乌措营地（徒步&露营）Day10（0928）：晓乌措营地－卓湘营地（徒步&露营）Day11（0929）：卓湘营地－热嘎营地（徒步&;露营）Day12（0930）：热嘎营地－白当营地（徒步&露营）Day13（1001）：白当营地－珠峰东坡大本营－热嘎营地（徒步&露营）Day14（1002）：热嘎营地－措学仁玛营地（徒步&露营）Day15（1003）：措学仁玛营地－轮珠林村－曲当乡（徒步）Day16（1004）：曲当乡－江孜Day17（1005）：江孜－多庆措－江孜Day18（1006）：江孜－拉萨Day19（1007）：拉萨Day20（1008）：拉萨－上海 这基本上会是一个以图片为主的连环画形式的游记。。。详细游记攻略请参阅队友英子在磨房的帖子：https//www.doyouhike.net/forum/backpacking/1000424,0,0,1.html，那儿事无巨细。([]
最新章节： 第521章 潮流合伙人 （ 2024-06-04 09:02:52）
更新时间： 2024-06-04 15:49:04
- 第1章 十宗罪
- 第2章 亚冠
- 第3章 曝马蓉宣布出道
- 第4章 林宁18家公司注销
- 第5章 冰雪奇缘2
- 第6章 保时捷
- 第7章 魔道祖师
- 第8章 喜羊羊与灰太狼
- 第9章 刘亦菲
- 第10章 小丑获剧情类影帝
- 第11章 炉石传说
- 第12章 下一位前度
- 第13章 逆战
- 第14章 曝马蓉宣布出道
- 第15章 狐妖小红娘
- 第16章 微信赞赏功能升级
- 第17章 张艺兴
- 第18章 从前有座灵剑山
- 第19章 潮流合伙人
- 第20章 靓号欠28元被销号叶问4
- 点击查看 中间隐藏的 76659 章节
- 第549章 印尼6.3级地震
- 第550章 校花的贴身高手
- 第551章 苹果高管薪酬下降
- 第552章 误杀
- 第553章 千与千寻
- 第554章 盗御马
- 第555章 QQ可显示对方电量订单藏无声呼救
- 第556章 圣墟
- 第557章 赖美云不参加考试
- 第558章 完美世界
- 第559章 第六个国家公祭日
- 第560章 哪吒之魔童降世
- 第561章 汇源果汁或将退市
- 第562章 海底捞吃出烟头
- 第563章 赛尔号
- 第564章 地下城与勇士
- 第565章 修真聊天群
- 第566章 大力神杯
- 第567章 亲爱的客栈
- 第568章 问道
蜜桃麻豆天美传媒在线观看
周志杰“十.一”长假，对于行摄者来说是个非常纠结的假期，出行吧，怕人满为患，不出行，大好的秋季在家宅上七天，也是件非常难熬的事。今年“十.一”长假，恰逢有本地组织摄影团去东北摄影采风，线路的设计非常符合我的“要求”，线路冷门，又适合秋季摄影采风，于是，二话没说，俩字：报名！ 本次长假东北行摄线路为：徐州—烟台—大连—本溪洋湖沟—本溪中华枫林大道—吉林白山湖—长白山—盘锦红海滩—天津—徐州，总行程4100公里。 10.1徐州—烟台—大连 为了避开“十.一”出行高峰，清晨530，一行45人就从徐州淮海战役纪念塔北门出发前往烟台。原以为路上交通会比较拥堵，上了路后才感觉出，途中并没有想象的那么堵，从徐州到烟台，整个高速路均处于正常通行状态，从高速路服务区就可以看出道路状况，最让人担心的交通问没有显现出来，让领队与队员们既感到意外又倍感欣慰。 “十一”长假期间，服务区里呈现出这种状态，无论是不出门的还是出门在外的，这都是想象不到的景象吧？当然，我们也看到了高速路上有车堵不畅通的时候，但那是在我们对面的车道上，我们这一边的车道始终是畅通的，这充分说明了我们这次的线路选的是无比正确、无比英明。这就是我们此次出行的“飞燕”，就是她一路带着我们前行。以后的七天里，我们就要与她成为亲密伙伴，她将载着我们完成七天的行摄。 从徐州到烟台，一路畅通无阻，下午230，到达烟台港，330，我们准备上船，乘轮渡前往大连。 实话说，行走了这么些年，也乘坐过不少交通工具，但这样大型的滚装客轮我还是第一次乘坐。93年去舟山时曾经乘坐过舟山到宁波的轮船，但船的吨位远没有这么大。这渤海宝珠号是我有生以来乘坐的最大船舶了。查百度资料得知：渤海宝珠轮是中国自行设计建造的最大最豪华客滚船 ，2009年10月18日上午9时58分，在山东荣成黄海造船厂顺利下水。2010年春节前投入到渤海湾烟台至大连的运营中。该船总长163.95米，型宽25米，总吨位2万余吨。拥有2000米车道线，两层旅客舱、三层车辆舱，可装载大小车辆260多辆，载客1630人。装载车辆、旅客的能力为国内客滚船中第一。船舶设计航速18.5节，最大航速20.6节，烟台到大连5小时即可到达。难怪在我看来这就是个庞然大物，原来它确实算是普通客轮中的“航母”级客轮了。 下午300，乘客陆续登船。接下来，我们将同“飞燕”一起，同船从大海之上前往大连港。 “渤海宝珠号”船舶之大，光登船爬楼梯就得爬上七层楼，真真的让人仰视到了帽子掉。 下面的行程我们将在渤海宝珠上度过。。。。。。 上了船，虽然大家都有舱位，三等舱六人间，也蛮舒服的，可几乎没人在房间里呆着，放下行李便都拥到甲板上来了。烟台我曾来过，那次是到崆峒岛时来到烟台的，但烟台港没到过，这次就在船上好好看看烟台港吧。从徐州到大连，从烟台坐船是最近的距离，前两次到大连都是火车往返，这次能在海上航行，无疑又是一次新的旅行体验。对我而言，经历不同的旅行体验，是让我感到非常开心的事情，也是十分兴奋的时刻。因此，自从上了船，我就几乎没有一刻不在拍摄。 烟台港，在我的镜下如一幅幅画一样的展现了出来。。。。。。 烟台港共有三条航道，其中东港内航道长700米，宽90米，水深-8.7米，乘潮满载通航最大船舶吨级25000吨；东港外航道长2200米，宽100米，水深-8.7米，乘潮满载通航最大船舶吨级25000吨；西港区航道长3800米，宽100米，水深-11.5米，乘潮满载通航最大船舶吨级55000吨。 看着这场景，让我想起了八大样板戏中《海港》的唱词：看码头，好气派，机械列队江边排。大吊车，真厉害，成吨的钢铁，它轻轻地一抓就起来！ 上次去烟台只在海边呆了半天，没怎么看到烟台的城市面貌，这次在船上反倒看到了烟台的大概面貌呢。 开船了，船舶渐渐驶离了港口。。。。。。 开始了我们的海上旅程。。。。。。 渤海宝珠号驶向了大海，远处的港口渐行渐远。。。。。。 看着天空中的云层，我们期待着今天能在海上看到落日。 离开烟台港驶入大海后路过一个海岛，不知是不是崆峒岛，在这里看到了“沧海之上可耕田”的景象。这样的场景让我想起了福建霞浦，如今的渔民光靠打鱼是维持不了生计的，一部分的收入来源要靠养殖业。 苍茫的大海之上，因为有了这些养殖用的浮漂，让大海的画面丰富而美丽了许多。([]
国产剧情大片天美传媒苏语堂夏晴
林正霖墨脱之旅已经整整过去半年了，然而它所带来的改变是无法用文字去表达的。行走在路上的人，执着什么，追求什么，坚持什么，也只有自己才能清楚，但是，走在路上，至少我们有一点是共同的，那就是那种可以被称之为理想的行走和跋涉。刚才，看到了8264《游记攻略》版上的驴友的文字“被篡改的莲花圣地——墨脱”，网上关于墨脱的争议也很多，内心居然有些不平静。其实，墨脱是什么，只有走过的人才清楚，墨脱永远是真实的、自然的，浮躁的永远是我们，每个人的心境不同，他（她）所理解的墨脱就不一样。 墨脱是我09年最深刻的一次旅程，不仅仅是旅途的艰辛，还有一路上心灵的感悟，收获的友谊。。。。。。那种体会是深刻的，于是，又有了把这次旅途的文字和照片整理出来的冲动。在这个寂静的夜晚，sjshsd再一次回到从前，回到雪域高原那漫漫无尽的旅程上。 从墨脱出来回到拉萨的第二天，我就一直辗转在四川、云南等地，为工作上的事情奔忙劳碌，那些通往天堂隔壁的脚步，仿佛已经渐行渐远了。墨脱之行没有给身体带来太多的疲惫和困顿，更加多的是沉积在内心无以表的沉默和失落。狂妄和冷静，激情和梦想，理想和现实，一直在内心纠结。那些在西藏的天空纯净的日子，那些墨脱路上痛并快乐着的回忆，那些一路上经历了艰难险阻、同甘共苦的队友，都会一直珍藏在内心的深处，永生难忘。 “身体下地狱，眼睛上天堂，心灵回故乡。走在路上，那是痛苦的幸福；走过之后，是幸福的痛苦。那些痛苦的回忆，那些被冰雪藏着的细节，让人幸福地想哭。”忘记了这段话是谁说的，但是，每一次的远行，每一次的穿越，每一次的跋涉，都有太多太多的感动和感悟。其实，精神的家园，很近，又很远，因为，它一直在路上。 我知道，下面，写下来的只是一个记录。人生的脚步永不会停止，一次旅程的完结又是一段远行的开始，穿越，永远没有终点。 （以下图片，都是队友们的集团创作） 7月12日的晚上，我和小溪经过三天两夜56个小时的火车，终于到达拉萨。当晚，入住拉萨的暮野驴舍，同来自全国各地的队友聚集。是夜，喜力做东，我们在一个拉萨当地藏民开的餐馆狂歌醉酒，餐馆老板领着他的服务员唱起了祝酒歌，为我们洗尘。老莫踩着他的破自行车从拉萨的另一端来看我，这个从贵港徒步进藏的牛人越来越年轻了，还煞有介事的介绍自己：拉萨市民。沉醉在温情和友谊中，西行的疲惫一扫而光。 7月13日，在拉萨休整。我呆不住，背着相机和小溪出了门。 我这是第三次进藏了。拉萨还是昨天的拉萨，天空纯净，阳光灿烂，高原上的鹰盘旋着疾飞而过。大小昭寺的广场上，聚集了朝拜的藏民，那种虔诚，依旧令人肃然起敬和感动。布宫以无与伦比的领袖的状态，站在这个城市的最高处，冷冷地俯视着他顶礼膜拜的臣民。拉萨城里寺庙里的大小喇嘛，沉默地注视着越来越多的游客，面无表情。一切的都没变，唯一变化的是这个神秘的城市的商业气息越来越浓郁。这是一种无法诉说的失落。 摄于喜力的暮野驴舍 出发前在暮野驴舍的留影。共同的梦想，把来自天南地北的我们，紧紧走在了一起，都是些素未谋面的朋友，在后面的旅途上，我们结下了深刻的友谊。 出发前在布达拉宫广场前的留影 旅程即将开始，下面简单的介绍下我的队友们。 领队喜力，也是这次活动的组织者、他象高原上的狼，身手敏捷，沉默寡言。 西安的老汉。高大的西北汉子，外表粗旷，内心细腻 郑州的老土。其实他一点都不土，豪爽，坚毅 郑州的小土。他是老土的“弟弟”所以叫小土，敦厚、纯朴 湖北的蓝海贝。她在行程最艰难的时候，用最优美的舞蹈鼓舞了我们的勇气 沈阳的磨磨。体力惊人，绝对巾帼不让须眉 同我一路西上的小溪。我的半个老乡，开平某中学的老师 D1：拉萨—八一镇—派乡，全程580公里 7月14日，我们起了一个大早，只是原定的早上9点过来的包车一直不现身。大家背着沉重的行囊，在布宫广场上转悠。 中午，用完餐，大家百无聊赖的站在餐馆的门口，等候姗姗来迟的包车 下午二点，我们包的面包车终于来了。车子开出市区，沿着318国道川藏线疾驰。车窗外，烈日高照，藏南高原上特有的风景一览无余；车窗里，我的队友们看着外面的风景，大家都沉默不言。这是一次不寻常的远行，在远方那未知的土地上，不知道等待着我们的将会是什么？ 一路上风光无限。 这是老土透过车窗抓拍的一张照片。 我想，西藏之所以迷人，不仅仅是她风景的美丽，而是不管你是凡夫俗子，还是达官贵人，置身其中，你的心灵和灵魂都会得到净化和洗涤，回归恬静，那怕这种恬静，只是短暂的。 晚上9点左右，终于到达了林芝的八一镇。 在八一镇用过晚餐，已经是晚上的10点多了。晚上10点，在内地，已经是深夜了，而这边太阳刚刚隐去，正是灯火阑珊的时候。 从八一至派乡，渐渐的进入山路，上山，下山，一路寂静，路上空无一人。为了打破旅途上的沉闷，磨磨一路给我们说着冷笑话，没把我们逗笑倒把个西北大汉老汉惹急了，两人不停的斗着嘴，使这陌生地方的夜行充满了欢声笑语。凌晨十二点，汽车驶过一座山，路过山顶一门巴民族的村落时，黑暗中，我们居然发现有一门巴醉汉躺在路上，一动不动，着实把司机吓了一跳。 凌晨一点，终于到达了派乡。由于是凌晨，我们还逃过了150块的进山费。经过一天的奔波劳碌，在派乡一家四川人开的客栈，大家沉沉睡去。而我，躺在木板床上，辗转反侧，那些散漫每个角落的小虫，对我发起了狂轰滥炸，加上没水洗澡，难受极了。 D2：派乡-松林口多雄拉山（4170米）-拉格 早上6点，天还濛满亮，队友们都起来了。客栈老板娘早已准备好了早餐，全副武装，整装待发了。我由于昨晚没睡好，基本没吃欲，胡乱喝了两口汤水，就跳上了开往松林口的大卡车。今天，是徒步的第一天，要翻越海拔4170米的多雄拉山到达拉格。 今天，我们多了一位同伴，他就是门巴族的小向导白玛，今年18岁，没念过书，从11岁开始一直在派乡至墨脱当背夫，通晓汉语。白玛一路上沉默无言，使我们都有点忽略了他。后来在后面几天的行程里，我们都对他刮目相看。在危险的时刻，在队员需要帮助的时候，他都会挺身而出，就象一座山一样站在你身边，以至于我的队友在结束了墨脱的旅程后，还对他一直念念不忘。 车子沿着弯弯曲曲的山路爬行，一路颠簸着往山爬。从山腰上往下看，美丽的派乡一览无余的展现在眼底，只是由于卡车的激烈颠簸，大家都没有拍下照片。派乡境里最著名的就有素称冰山之母的南迦巴瓦雪山(海拔7782米)，可惜由于天气的原因，我们都无缘一睹冰山之母神秘的颜容。而且，这里还有世界上落差最大的峡谷———南迦巴瓦大峡谷(垂落差达5000多米)，在这个原始的村落里，有种恍如隔世的感觉，仿佛穿越了时光的隧道，回到了从前。 往松林口的路上，我们还检了三个自称“穷鬼”和“神经病”的小驴友。 三个“穷鬼”是在八一镇凑在一起的。自称“神经病”的家伙来自四川成都，那个穿红色衣服的是我的茂名老乡小黑，他们从成都骑着自行车，沿着川藏线一路狂奔了2000多公里至林芝的八一镇，又在八一检了一个来自浙江宁波的女孩。这两哥们把浙江女孩的重一点的东西都分了，自称“背夫”，管浙江女孩叫“老板”。 令人难过的是，墨脱的旅途后的2009年8月，“神经病”和小黑在那木措的路上出了车祸，小黑走了，神经病负伤。如今，伤愈后的“神经病”依然在云南继续着他的漂泊，而小黑却永远留在了他热爱的西藏。 从松林口往上，是无尽的攀爬 翻越多雄拉山口必须在中午12点以前，因为到了中午时分，日照强烈，多雄拉山上冰雪融化，冻土解冻，很容易引起塌方。所以我们都不敢怠慢，下了卡车，没做太多的停驻就开始徒步爬山了。一路大家都沉默，没有太多的语言。老土背着四十多斤的大包一直跑在队伍的前头，大步流星，仿佛象一个上了发条的机器，无法停止，这哥们不愧是当警察的，体力超强。我们的领队喜力一直跟在队伍的后面，照顾着跑得慢和掉队的队友，是一个很负责任和极具团队精神的领队，这哥们八次进藏，独自一人跑遍大半个中国，也许是长期独自徒步的经历，他习惯了独自思考，一路上话不多，沉默寡言。更多的时候他象一匹高原上的狼，身手敏捷，在陡峭的山路上健步如飞，每跑一会就停止下来，沉默地抽着烟，等待后面的队友。 在格萨拉穿越的时候，我不慎拉伤了小腿，所以这次我不敢掉以轻心，把背包的背负调整至最舒适的角度，不紧不慢的跟着队伍前进，平均每走一个小时停驻一下。之前看过太多关于多雄拉雪山的文字，关于突如其来的雪崩，关于山难，关于墨脱路上魂葬雪山之颠的驴友，这些让人忧心忡忡的消息，都抛至脑后了。此刻，美丽的多雄拉雪山就在触手可及处，安静地注视着我。四周开着不知名的花儿，在身边不停飞过的蝴蝶，还有树木的芬芳，我默默无语地走着，在思想的深处，同另外一个“sjshsd”做着深刻的对话。 我抬头看着纯净的天空。没有鸟飞过的痕迹。然而，我却飞过了，用自己内心深处的翅膀，飞翔在属于自己的世界！行走是自由的，心灵是纯净的。 一只飞翔的鸟，一个象鸟一样飞翔的人。 我是鸟人。 小土在聚精会神的攀爬。沉重的背负，从2000多米上升至4000米的海拔，使他看起来有些吃力，步履蹒跚，然而他总是咬紧牙关，不吭一声。我经过他的身边，拍拍他的肩膀给他鼓劲，他总是抬起头来，朝着我纯朴的笑，眼神中带着执着的坚毅。墨脱回来后，我时常想起他敦厚的笑容和坚毅的眼神，这种微妙的表情，只有走在路上的人才能读懂，真的。 经过三个多小时的攀爬，山顶离我们越来越近了。 中午十一点，我们终于到达多雄拉山顶 喜力在雪山之颠展示熟悉的8264的小旗。这面小旗至今还留在拉格的客栈的门边，看到这面旗帜，不管在哪里，驴友的心里都是温暖的，它传递着一种力量，这种力量来自内心的共鸣。 海拔4200米高的多雄拉山终年积雪覆盖，是从林芝派乡方向穿越大峡谷通向墨脱途中的第一座雪峰，也是最高最大的雪峰。通向墨脱的小径，就是沿雪峰之颠的垭口处延伸而去的。我站在山顶上，回望上山时的路，早已经被飘动的云层锁住，白茫茫一片，那些林立的乱石，那些水洼冰坑，早已被我们抛在了后面。这是多雄拉山的主峰垭口，也是通向墨脱之路的第一个险关，极目眺望苍茫的峡谷深处，心中有一种站在风口浪尖紧握住日月旋转的豪情。身边的队友挥着登山杖，大声唱着韩磊的歌，“做人一地肝胆做人何惧艰险，豪情不变年复一年，做人有苦有甜善恶分开两边，都为梦中的明天，看铁蹄铮铮踏遍万里河山，我站在风口浪尖紧握住日月旋转，愿烟火人间安得太平美满，我真的还想再活五百年！” 是的，向天再借五百年。 再活五百年，我依然还在路上，不畏惧餐风宿雨，不畏爬山涉水。([]
亚州+国产+另类第一导航
李淑琦澳大利亚游记随拍片花一澳大利亚游记随拍片花二澳大利亚游记随拍片花三 澳大利亚游记随拍行程地图达尔文 -- 凯恩斯 -- 布里斯班 --悉尼 -- 墨尔本 -- 阿德莱德 -- 爱丽丝泉 澳大利亚游记随拍行程地图达尔文 -- 凯恩斯 -- 布里斯班 --悉尼 -- 墨尔本 -- 阿德莱德 -- 爱丽丝泉 达尔文（Darwin）和卡卡杜（Kakadu）达尔文城是澳大利亚北部地区的首府，也是比较著名的旅游城市，因英国生物学家达尔文于1839年曾到此考察，故该市以他的名字而命句名。这里原来是土著人的居住地，19世纪70年代发现金矿后而迅速发展起来，这里有卡卡杜国家公园和著名的铀矿。卡卡杜国家公园（Kakadu National Park）是澳大利亚最大的国家公园，这里以郁郁苍苍的原始森林，各种珍奇的野生动物，以及保存有2万年前的山崖洞穴的原始壁画而闻名于世，是一处为现代人保存的一份丰厚的文化遗产和旅游胜地，被联合国列为世界遗产。达尔文（Darwin）YHA DIY 超级快餐 达尔文（Darwin）YHA泳池。 达尔文（Darwin）YHA窗外的鸡蛋花。 达尔文（Darwin）YHA紧邻假日饭店，呵呵。 达尔文（Darwin）YHA的落日 达尔文（Darwin）城市掠影 1，达尔文军港，一艘登陆舰正在驶回军港 达尔文（Darwin）城市掠影 2，这里离赤道很近，气候像广州，闷热。 达尔文（Darwin）城市掠影 3，花园的座椅上面应当是爬满藤蔓以遮蔽阳光。 达尔文（Darwin）城市掠影 4，雨季会经常暴雨连天，甚至遭遇飓风袭击。 达尔文（Darwin）城市掠影 5，地广人稀，城市很少有高层建筑。 达尔文（Darwin）城市掠影 6旅游时达尔文主要产业之一。 达尔文（Darwin）城市掠影 7,新欢这家门牌柱。 达尔文（Darwin）城市掠影 8.见得最多的是皮卡。 达尔文（Darwin）城市掠影 9,鲜花满地的海港 达尔文（Darwin）城市掠影 10，大片的草坪 达尔文（Darwin）城市掠影 11，看看着地面，就知道这里的温度。 达尔文（Darwin）城市掠影1 2，花园环绕的宅子，羡慕这里的环境，但对于像我这样的北方人来讲，这里实在是太热了。 去卡卡杜（kakadu）国家公园看岩画 1，路上遇见一袋鼠，被撞翻的，不是我撞的。 去卡卡杜（kakadu）国家公园看岩画 2，公园的道路指示牌，赞！ 去卡卡杜（kakadu）国家公园看岩画 3，看见岩石是这颜色，联想这本身就是巨大铀矿，赶紧离开。 去卡卡杜（kakadu）国家公园看岩画 4，路上遇到的白蚁窝，有三米高大，看过介绍，其内部有完善的通风降温系统，这一窝有200万支白蚁。 去卡卡杜（kakadu）国家公园看岩画 5,这是在卡卡杜游客中心看到的本，路上有活的。印象最深的的旁边的盖革计数器急促的蜂鸣声表明这里铀矿辐射很强。 去卡卡杜（kakadu）国家公园看岩画 6,刚才还是蓝天白云，转眼就乌云密布。 ([]
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骆秀珮Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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张惠任金秋十月，有幸与中国民俗摄影协会徐州分会一起去华北晋冀摄影采风行。国庆长假，对去哪里和怎么去一直是个很纠结的事情。十一长假，金秋季节，不出去吧，觉得错失好季节，出去吧，又担心车满人满，到哪里都是人挤人，人挨人，这对于不爱凑热闹的驴友影友们而言是个大忌。正巧摄影协会也在讨论此事，最后决定走一条冷门线路，来一次金秋晋冀摄影采风行，哇，好线路，二话不说，咱报名，于是乎，就“成就”了这趟旅行线路：徐州—清西陵—紫荆关长城—蔚州古城—上苏庄—空中草原—蔚县—暖泉古镇—大同—悬空寺—应县—恒山—平遥—徐州D19月30日 徐州—清西陵 9月30日晚上8：00，一行32人包了一辆大客出发了，一车的欢声笑语，一夜的辛苦旅途，于10月1日清晨到达此行的第一站——清西陵。D2 10.1清西陵—紫荆关—乌龙沟—蔚县 清西陵位于河北省易县城西15公里处永宁山下，离北京120多公里。周界约100公里，面积达800余平方公里。清西陵是清代自雍正时起四位皇帝的陵寝之地，陵内共有14座陵墓，包括雍正的泰陵、嘉庆的昌陵、道光的慕陵和光绪的崇陵。此外还有3座后陵，以及若干座公主、妃子园寝。我们第一个参观的是光绪的崇陵。崇陵是光绪皇帝的陵墓，也是我国最后一座帝王陵墓。光绪帝名载湉，爱新觉罗氏。其父是道光皇帝的第七子醇亲王，其母叶赫那拉氏，是慈禧太后的胞妹。同治帝病故后，由慈禧太后做主，指定继承皇位。崇陵始建于1909年，陵址名叫金龙峪。其规模虽不如雍正、嘉庆的陵墓那样庞大，没有大碑亭、石像生等建筑，但它除继承清代建陵规制，参照咸丰帝定陵、同治帝惠陵的风格外，又吸收了古代建筑技术的某些精华，仍具有它的特色。整个陵寝根据守卫和祭把的需要，建筑了五孔桥、巡房、牌楼门、神厨库、三路三孔桥、朝房、班房、隆恩门、燎炉、配殿、隆思殿、三座门、石五供、方城、明楼、宝顶和地宫。 皇家的陵寝就是不一样，入陵的牌楼门都是这么有气派。 步入牌楼门 看这汉白玉桥栏杆的“三路三孔桥”，真有天安门金水桥的范儿。 隆思殿内用的木料均为异常珍贵的铜藻、铁藻，质地坚硬无比，用这种木料制作一把普通太师椅，重量竟高达百余斤，所以隆思殿被誉为“铜梁铁柱”，且梁架之间增加了隔架料，既能托顶，又使殿内更加美观。隆思殿内的四根明柱，底部有海水江涯图案，柱身为一条金龙盘绕向上，较其它帝陵的宝相花更加富丽堂皇。 尽管非常之奢华，皇家，最终也随着流逝的时光成为了过去。。。。 后面的这座院落，便是光绪皇帝的陵寝。光绪登基时，正值清朝面临内忧外患，营造陵寝的工程不能如期破土动工，一直拖延到1908年，光绪皇帝驾崩，1909年才由宣统朝着手操办。修建期间，清朝已走向灭亡，宣统皇帝与隆裕皇太后退位，于是向中华民国政府提出要求：“德宗崇陵未完工程，如制妥修，其奉安典礼，仍如旧制，所有实用经费，均由中华民国支出。”当时，南京临时政府的议和代表及各省都督，对清室要求宽大应许。正门显然不是我们走的，我们自然是走边门进入。 光绪驾崩时，陵还未建，他的梓宫(棺椁)在故宫观德殿暂安。1909年3月，光绪的棺椁又由观德殿迁往西陵梁格庄行宫停放，一路起落，共耗银438400多两。虽然北京至西陵当时已通火车，但光绪棺椁仍用人抬。前面有卫兵开道，随后是皇帝和王公大臣，后面还有隆裕皇后、瑾贵妃等，最后是1400多辆轿车。棺椁拾至阜城门，仅十里远，就撤掉纸钱1000斤，用银260两。北京至西陵行程240华里，抬杠夫每天分为60班，每班128人，轮流抬着棺椁艰苦行进。沿途支搭三宿芦殿，耗银29000两，经过四天三夜，才把光绪的棺椁运到梁格庄行宫，安放于正殿之中。不知当时从北京至西陵行程240华里，杠夫每天分为60班，每班128人，经过四天三夜，轮流抬着棺椁是如何艰苦行进的，但从这陵寝正殿可以感受出当时的排场了。正在这高大的地宫正殿前拍摄，突然从上面跑下来一个孩子，我赶紧抓住机会咔嚓了一张，为这阴气沉重的陵寝增添了点“活气”。来此参观的人们大多是来凭吊下这段历史的，同时也通过这些看看皇家的奢靡生活。 大殿下面的地宫才是摆放灵柩的地方。 据说在光绪的棺椁正式安放崇陵地宫之际，清朝的遗老遗少还在这座帝王陵前，演出了一幕极尽愚忠的闹剧。光绪的老师梁鼎芬是比较典型的一位，他在崇陵的修建过程中，经常到工地瞻祝，为工程的修建筹款募捐。在为光绪送葬时，他由两个亲随搀扶着在陵前执绋(牵引灵枢的大绳)，从行宫一直走到下宫殿。当人们将棺椁、随葬品布置妥当退出地宫后，唯有梁鼎芬疯疯癫癫地坐在地宫内预备给光绪殉葬。后被其亲随背出，才算完事。还真有为清朝皇帝自愿殉葬的忠臣哦。尽管清廷的遗臣为修建崇陵费尽心思，光绪还是没有能够在他的地下寝宫里平安地长眠下去。1931年军阀混战时期，一伙不明身份的兵匪盗掘了崇陵地宫，多数随葬品被劫走。 地宫中合葬着光绪帝和他的隆裕皇后，这是他们的棺椁，其陪葬物品自然是一无所有了。 。。。。。。。。 清西陵北依峰峦叠翠的永宁山，景态雄伟。 这里有华北地区最大的古松林，数以万计的古松、古柏把这一带装点得清秀葱郁，古朴大方。 这陵墓前还有个壁照，也是用来辟邪的吗？ 为了增强排水性能，每个宫殿基部都建有2米宽的散水，明楼前和三座门前分别挖砌了御带河，地宫内凿有14个水眼与龙须沟相通。 妃子墓，妃子墓的琉璃瓦装饰就不是黄色的而是绿色的了。 这满院子里的树让这沉寂的陵墓区不显得那么阴森了。 这是珍妃的墓。清帝后妃有两位女子曾获“珍妃”这一封号，一位是道光帝珍妃赫舍里氏，另一位就是广为人知的光绪帝宠妃他他拉氏。珍妃（1876年－1900年），他他拉氏，满洲镶红旗人。清朝光绪皇帝妃子，也是最为受宠的妃子，后因获罪于慈禧而被投井杀害。而道光帝的珍妃赫舍里氏（1804－？）则卒年葬处不详。恪顺皇贵妃（1876年—1900年）他他拉氏，满洲镶红旗人，人们一般习惯按她曾获封的珍妃来称呼她。清朝光绪皇帝的侧妃，也是最为受宠的妃子，生于光绪二年二月初三为礼部左侍郎长叙之女。光绪十四年(1888年)10月初五慈禧太后选定其弟，副都统桂祥的女儿叶赫那拉氏为光绪帝之后，同时封珍妃与她的姐姐瑾妃为嫔，时瑾嫔15岁，珍嫔13岁。光绪二十年，两人同时晋封为妃。珍妃其祖父乃陕甘总督裕泰，其父长叙曾任户部右侍郎，其伯父长善乃广州将军，珍妃与其姊瑾妃自幼随长善在广州长大。珍妃10岁那年，长善卸任广州将军，她与姊姊随同北返北京。 1889年，珍妃两姊妹被入选宫中，13岁的她被封为珍嫔，15岁的姐姐封为瑾嫔，嫔为九等宫女序列中的第六等，直至光绪二十年甲午春(1894年)，因慈禧太后六旬万寿加恩得晋嫔为妃，前面还有皇后、皇贵妃、贵妃三个等级。光绪26年(1900年)8月初，八国联军集结兵力进攻北京，慈禧太后挟持光绪帝慌忙出逃。[行前，命太监将幽禁于北三所寿药房中的珍妃唤出，推入位于慈宁宫后贞顺门的井中淹死。当时，珍妃年仅25岁。 瑾妃的墓光绪十四年（1888年），在光绪帝的选后大典上，瑾妃和妹妹珍妃同时入选，成为光绪皇帝的妃子，并在隔年元月行大婚礼，之后个别以瑾嫔和珍嫔的身分入宫。在入宫之后，瑾嫔住在东六宫之一的永和宫，妹妹珍妃也同样的住在同为东六宫之一的景仁宫。瑾嫔在宫中并未如妹妹珍嫔一般，获得光绪帝之宠幸，相反的，她和皇后—叶赫那拉˙静芬一般受到冷落，但瑾嫔并不以为意。六年之后，两人被晋升为瑾妃和珍妃。光绪二十年（1894年），珍妃因故得罪慈禧太后，姊姊瑾妃也受到牵连而一同被降为贵人，但在隔年两人又恢复了原本的妃子位号，但珍妃却受到了监禁，而瑾妃却依然保有自由、继续住在永和宫。光绪二十六年（1900年）七月，八国联军攻入京师，慈禧太后携宫眷出逃紫禁城，瑾妃便是其中一员。在宣统皇帝溥仪登基之后，瑾妃继续住在永和宫，并被尊为兼祧皇考瑾贵妃。在宣统逊位后，上徽号为端康皇太妃，她和溥仪的关系似乎不坏，溥仪称他为皇阿娘，每遇年节还会请她一同欢庆。溥仪退位后的次年，隆裕太后崩逝，瑾妃在四大太妃的地位中有所提高，她在四大太妃中年龄最轻，思想也较开通。民国十一年，在逊清朝廷为溥仪议婚时，瑾妃支持以婉容为皇后。瑾妃在永和宫过著很有品味的生活，时常以丹青书法自娱。在永和宫的摆设中，有着数样的瓶盘盆景、上头都镶嵌著精致出色的钟表和花鸟人物，同时她也是一位美食家，经常派人到京城附近的天福号买酱肘子供她吃早餐，由于瑾妃喜爱美食，因此永和宫里的小膳房，烹饪相当地出色，逊清的王公旧臣都爱吃她赏的饭。1923年,瑾妃五十寿辰,特邀请梅兰芳等著名京剧演员入宫演戏. 民国十三年（1924年），在和溥仪及其余逊清皇室成员欢度中秋佳节后，瑾妃受了风寒一病不起，五天后因情况恶化而死在永和宫，享年五十一岁，并以端康皇贵妃的身分，下葬于光绪帝的崇陵妃园寝。谥为温靖皇贵妃。在崇陵，还有做骑马旅游生意的，只是这么点路程，并没什么人骑马，这里的马儿就悠哉悠哉了。参观完崇陵接着去看泰陵。雍正的泰陵，居于陵区的中心位置，是清西陵中建筑最早、规模最大的一座。其余各陵则分布在东西两侧。 泰陵的神道，由三层巨砖铺成，两边苍松翠柏，上南往北分布着40多项大大小小的建筑。 ([]
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